An old molar of 59,000 years, discovered in Siberia, shows that Neanderthals performed dental interventions to treat cavities.

An ancient molar approximately 59,000 years old, found in the Chagyrskaya cave in Siberia, provides evidence that Neanderthals practiced dental interventions to treat cavities. Researchers have identified traces of the use of a stone tool for cleaning the dental cavity, demonstrating advanced cognitive and technical skills. The molar shows a deep cavity, indicating a deliberate modification, not an accidental deterioration.

Experiments have shown that a similar hole could be created with a stone tool. This discovery challenges the idea that such complex behaviors belong exclusively to modern humans. Neanderthals, who disappeared 40,000 years ago, demonstrated advanced skills in planning and executing medical procedures. There is also evidence that they used toothpicks to remove food debris. This surgical intervention, although painful, highlights the will and ingenuity of Neanderthals.