The European Union is preparing for a new expansion, after 13 years of pause.

The European Union is facing a decisive moment in the enlargement process, 13 years after the last accession, according to a Financial Times analysis. The war in Ukraine and global rivalries have transformed enlargement from an economic project into a strategic issue for Europe's security.

Brussels is seeking to accelerate the accession of candidate states, including Ukraine, Montenegro, and Moldova, without abandoning reform conditions.

Ukraine's accession is a complex challenge, with the need to address corruption and the rule of law. Montenegro has made significant progress, and the Irish Prime Minister suggests that its accession could stimulate other candidate states. The EU is considering a progressive integration, offering benefits as reforms are implemented. However, the lack of a clear perspective for the Western Balkan states could allow rival influences.

The year 2026 could be crucial for EU enlargement, with risks of frustration for candidate states if the process stalls.