On January 1, 2025, the population of Romania reached 19.043 million, decreasing due to negative natural growth and insufficient migration.

According to data from the National Institute of Statistics (INS), the resident population of Romania was 19.043 million people on January 1, 2025, recording a decrease of 24,400 people compared to the previous year. This decrease is attributed to negative natural growth, with a difference of -100,900 between births and deaths, and a positive migratory balance of +71,300, which was not enough to compensate for the losses. The phenomenon of demographic aging is intensifying, with a ratio of 131.3 elderly people for every 100 young people under 15 years old. Additionally, a majority of both emigrants and immigrants were observed to be men. Late registered births contributed +5,200 people to the total population, but this was not enough to reverse the declining trend.