As of September 1, Russian software will include MAX, an unencrypted messaging system, raising privacy concerns.

MAX, a messaging system developed under Kremlin control, will become mandatory for all Russian software from September 1. This app, similar to WeChat, does not offer end-to-end encryption, allowing authorities to monitor users' communications. In the context of a possible ban on WhatsApp, MAX will integrate public services and banking functions as part of a digital propaganda campaign. The use of VPNs to access banned apps is now criminalized, increasing scrutiny of digital freedoms.