Extremism is gaining ground in Eastern Europe amid depopulation and the lack of state involvement (University of Oxford)

Depopulation, a lack of investment, and the reduction of public services are contributing to political radicalization in Eastern Europe, according to five-year research conducted by the University of Oxford. The study examines communities in Latvia’s border regions, the mountainous areas of Armenia, central Ukraine, and Russia’s Far East.

Researchers argue that the decline of these communities is not merely the inevitable result of economic changes, but also the consequence of political decisions. The transition from socialism to capitalism concentrated investment and resources in major cities, leaving many communities without jobs, adequate public services, or prospects for development.

A sense of abandonment is leading some residents to support radical political alternatives, both on the left and the right. In some regions, the restoration of former empires or the strengthening of military power are seen as solutions to economic and social problems. Emigration exacerbates the decline, as many people leave for Western Europe in search of better opportunities, while others remain without the ability to change their living conditions.

Dace Dzenovska, the project coordinator, says the findings are also relevant to “left-behind” communities in Western Europe. According to the researchers, local measures can improve everyday life, but cannot reverse demographic and economic decline on their own. These communities need investment, jobs, public services, and coherent national policies.