The war in Ukraine has caused nearly two million casualties, with significant losses among Russian and Ukrainian troops, according to a CSIS study.

According to estimates from the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), the war in Ukraine, which has lasted nearly four years, has resulted in nearly two million casualties among Russian and Ukrainian troops, including wounded, killed, and missing. Russia has suffered the highest losses, with approximately 325,000 deaths out of an estimated total of 1.2 million casualties. Ukraine has also had significant losses, with estimates ranging from 500,000 to 600,000 casualties, of which between 100,000 and 140,000 are deaths. The total number of casualties could reach two million by the spring of 2026.

Civilians have paid a heavy price, with over 15,000 killed and 40,600 wounded, and 2025 was the deadliest year for civilians. Estimates of Russian soldiers killed exceed 163,000, while Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky reported losses of nearly 46,000 Ukrainian soldiers. Additionally, Russia has captured 1.5% of Ukrainian territory, occupying approximately 20% of the country. The actual number of casualties is believed to be much higher, considering the difficulties of access in certain areas affected by the conflict.