Approximately 50% of the area of major cities in Romania (county residences) is exposed to a high or very high risk of thermal stress, according to climatology expert Sorin Cheval.

According to the study "State of the Climate – Romania 2025", the average annual temperature has already increased by over 3°C compared to the period 1971–2000, and the years 2023 and 2024 have been the hottest in recorded history. Climate projections indicate, in a pessimistic scenario, an increase of up to 4.24°C by the end of the century, which could lead, especially in the southern part of the country, to up to 160 days a year with extreme temperatures.

Bucharest, ranked third in Europe regarding the risk of mortality associated with extreme temperatures, could record up to 50,000 deaths by the end of the century. This vulnerability is mainly generated by uncontrolled urban development, which significantly reduces green spaces and increases the density of built areas, favoring heat accumulation and limiting natural ventilation. Experts warn that these climate changes have a direct impact on the health of the population and recommend urgent urban adaptation measures, such as expanding green spaces, reducing paved areas, and implementing solutions for cooling cities.