According to the 2021 census, 20.81% of Londoners do not use English as their main language, with Romanian being the most spoken foreign language.

The 2021 Census shows that 20.81% of Londoners do not speak English as their main language, with Romanian having the most speakers (around 160,000). This is followed by Spanish, Polish and Bengali. Dr. Tony Capstick points out that families' language decisions vary according to migration trajectories, and bilingualism offers cognitive and social benefits. Some languages, such as Urdu and Punjabi, remain used in multilingual households, demonstrating their durability across generations.