The natural rate of population in France has fallen below that of deaths, recording for the first time since World War II a negative natural balance.

According to a recent report by the National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), France has recorded for the first time since World War II a birth rate lower than the death rate, highlighting a demographic aging that is occurring more rapidly than anticipated. This situation, referred to as 'negative natural balance', does not take into account immigration, which has contributed to the population growth of France to 68.6 million. The positive migratory balance, estimated at 152,000 people in 2024, has compensated for the natural decline, especially in rural areas.

Additionally, the number of births has been steadily decreasing since 2010, currently reaching approximately 661,000, and the main reasons cited by the French for not having children are financial. In this context, the Minister of Health announced a national plan to address infertility. Population aging is becoming a major concern, with 22% of the population being over 65 by 2025, and the number of active individuals could start to decline after 2040, which will put pressure on the pension system.