People with ADHD have a 48% higher risk of gastrointestinal symptoms, according to an analysis of 23 studies

People with ADHD are 48% more likely to experience gastrointestinal symptoms, according to a new analysis that included 23 studies and more than 9,000 records. The research found an association between ADHD and almost all of the intestinal symptoms analyzed, but did not demonstrate that the disorder directly causes these problems.

The strongest links were observed in constipation, which was nearly twice as likely among people with ADHD, and encopresis, for which the risk was more than four times higher. The symptoms analyzed included irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain, diarrhea and indigestion.

Researchers say the link could be influenced by several factors. Emotional instability, stress, irregular meals, selective eating and low fiber intake can affect intestinal function. In addition, some ADHD medications, including methylphenidate, can cause loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain or constipation.

Another possible explanation is the gut microbiome. Previous studies have identified differences between people with ADHD and control groups, but the exact mechanisms behind this association have not yet been established. Until further research is conducted, the findings indicate an important link, not a causal relationship.