On January 1, 2025, the population of Romania decreased to 19,036,031 people, with an accentuated demographic aging process.

The resident population decreased by 31,545 people compared to the previous year, with the urban environment recording a decrease of 1.3%. The proportion of elderly people increased to 20.3%, while that of children aged 0-14 decreased to 15.6%. Although the balance of international migration was positive, it did not compensate for the negative natural increase, resulting in an overall decrease in the population. Men were the majority among both emigrants and immigrants.