Before the most recent assessments, there had been several estimates regarding Russia’s losses: a data leak attributed to a cyberattack on Rosstat indicated that more than 450,000 Russians may have died by then in the war in Ukraine, and the figure would include both active-duty personnel and civilians killed in airstrikes or during Ukraine’s 2024 incursion into the Kursk region.
Separately, a NATO official estimated that Russia may have lost more than 50,000 military personnel in September 2026 (killed and wounded), compared with approximately 5,000 Ukrainian losses reported for the same period, while Ukrainian assessments put Moscow’s total losses at more than 1.5 million soldiers since the beginning of the war.
In turn, British intelligence services assessed, during another time window, that nearly 500,000 Russian military personnel may have been killed since the February 2022 invasion, also estimating total losses (including the wounded and missing) at approximately 1.5 million.