Context: before Europe discussed who should speak directly with Putin, the US had prepared a peace proposal and linked it to guarantees and economic issues
Before Steve Witkoff’s visit to Moscow, the US agreed in Oslo on a framework aimed at a “sovereign and secure” future for Ukraine—through security guarantees, European integration, and economic support—and on the conditions for lasting peace. The talks were also structured around a new security architecture between Russia and Europe, plus postwar economic cooperation.
In parallel, diplomatic efforts were linked to a possible separate case concerning the release of American professor Stephen Hubbard, whom Washington claims is being wrongfully detained in Russia.
Furthermore, the Trump administration indicated that ending the war is connected to the revival of Russian-American economic relations, including discussions about Russian fertilizer and diesel exports to the US.