Italy’s Parliament approves a return to nuclear energy / Government to establish framework for SMRs and advanced reactors

Italy’s Parliament has voted in favor of returning to nuclear energy, nearly 40 years after the 1987 referendum held following the Chernobyl disaster. The decision gives the government led by Giorgia Meloni a mandate to develop the legislative and technical framework needed to integrate modern nuclear technologies into the national energy mix.

The plan does not envisage rebuilding the old large-scale power plants, but focuses on small modular reactors (SMRs) and Generation IV reactors. The government aims for nuclear power to account for at least 11% of national electricity consumption by 2050.

The government argues that nuclear power is necessary to reduce carbon emissions, limit dependence on imported fossil fuels and stabilize electricity prices. Italy currently faces some of the highest energy costs in Europe, amid its reliance on natural gas.

The left-wing opposition and environmental groups are challenging the project, citing high costs, the lengthy implementation timeline and the management of radioactive waste. The next steps include adopting regulations, establishing an independent regulatory authority and developing European partnerships in the nuclear sector.