Western sanctions have led to a drastic fall in Russian energy exports, affecting gas, oil and coal.

Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine, Russia's energy exports have been deeply affected by Western sanctions. Gas supplies to Europe have fallen from 150 billion cubic meters a year to 52 bcm, and coal has completely disappeared from the European market. Russian oil has been redirected to Asia, especially China, India and Turkey, under a price cap imposed by the G7. The EU banned coal imports from 2022, with deliveries reaching zero in 2023.